3D analysis of motion in the non-united elbow and deformity in the malunited forearm using a computerized simulation system

Introduction Three-dimensional image data of the human body can provide much information to the medical field and 3D simulated navigation surgery is popular in total knee arthroplasty. However, very little study has been conducted in the upper extremity including the hand. Non union of the lateral condyle fracture combined with cubitus valgus deformity often results in a painful elbow together with a cosmetic problem. However the treatment is still controversial. Corrective osteotomy for valgus deformity is not physiologic and a high rate of complication has also been reported in osteosynthesis. We attempt to analyze the motion of the elbow and pseudo-joint of a non-united lateral condyle. Traumatic plastic bowing deformity of the forearm in a Monteggia fracture dislocation has focused on corrective bowing in plane radiographs 2 dimensionally or reduction only. Few 3-dimensional biomechanical investigations of plastic bowing deformity has been reported and we intend to analyze deformity 3-dimensionally. The authors introduce a 3D motion analysis and 3D deformity analysis using computer simulation with the goal of this study to elucidate appropriate treatments with biomechanical consideration.